The best general accounts of the Spanish and Portuguese colonial systems will be found in Charles de Lannoy and Herman van der Linden, "Histoire de L'Expansion Coloniale des Peuples Europeans: Portugal et Espagne" (Brussels and Paris, 1907), and Kurt Simon, "Spanien and Portugal als See and Kolonialmdchte" (Hamburg, 1913).

For the Spanish colonial regime alone, E.G.Bourne, "Spain in America" (New York, 1904) is excellent.

The situation in southern South America toward the close of Spanish rule is well described in Bernard Moses, "South America on the Eve of Emancipation" (New York, 1908).
Among contemporary accounts of that period, Alexander von Humboldt and Aime Bonpland, "Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America", 3 vols.

(London, 1881); Alexander von Humboldt, "Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain", 4 vols.

(London,1811-1822); and F.
R.J.de Pons, "Travels in South America", 2 vols.