Not until a military hand stronger than its competitors managed to secure a firm grip on affairs did Peru begin once more its toilsome journey toward material betterment.
Bolivia, on its part, had emerged from the struggle practically a landlocked country.

Though bereft of access to the sea except by permission of its neighbors, it had, however, not endured anything like the calamities of its ally.

In 1880 it had adopted a permanent constitution and it now entered upon a course of slow and relatively peaceful progress.
In the republics to the northward struggles between clericals and radicals caused sharp, abrupt alternations in government.

In Ecuador the hostility between clericals and radicals was all the more bitter because of the rivalry of the two chief towns, Guayaquil the seaport and Quito the capital, each of which sheltered a faction.

No sooner therefore had Garcia Moreno fallen than the radicals of Guayaquil rose up against the clericals at Quito.