[The Ethics by Benedict de Spinoza]@TWC D-Link book
The Ethics

PART III
106/150

Now desire is each man's essence or nature, in so far as it is conceived as determined to a particular action by any given modification of itself (III.ix.

note); therefore, according as a man is affected through external causes by this or that kind of pleasure, pain, love, hatred, &c., in other words, according as his nature is disposed in this or that manner, so will his desire be of one kind or another, and the nature of one desire must necessarily differ from the nature of another desire, as widely as the emotions differ, wherefrom each desire arose.
Thus there are as many kinds of desire, as there are kinds of pleasure, pain, love, &c., consequently (by what has been shown) there are as many kinds of desire, as there are kinds of objects whereby we are affected.

Q.E.D.
Note .-- Among the kinds of emotions, which, by the last proposition, must be very numerous, the chief are luxury, drunkenness, lust, avarice, and ambition, being merely species of love or desire, displaying the nature of those emotions in a manner varying according to the object, with which they are concerned.

For by luxury, drunkenness, lust, avarice, ambition, &c., we simply mean the immoderate love of feasting, drinking, venery, riches, and fame.

Furthermore, these emotions, in so far as we distinguish them from others merely by the objects wherewith they are concerned, have no contraries.


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