Now by pain we mean that the mind's power of thinking is diminished or checked (III.xi.and note); therefore, in so far as the mind feels pain, its power of understanding, that is, of activity, is diminished or checked (III.

i.); therefore, no painful emotions can be attributed to the mind in virtue of its being active, but only emotions of pleasure and desire, which (by the last Prop.) are attributable to the mind in that condition.

Q.E.D.
Note .-- All actions following from emotion, which are attributable to the mind in virtue of its understanding, I set down to strength of character (fortitudo), which I divide into courage (animositas) and highmindedness (generositas).

By courage I mean the desire whereby every man strives to preserve his own being in accordance solely with the dictates of reason.
By highmindedness I mean the desire whereby every man endeavours, solely under the dictates of reason, to aid other men and to unite them to himself in friendship.

Those actions, therefore, which have regard solely to the good of the agent I set down to courage, those which aim at the good of others I set down to highmindedness.