[The Ethics by Benedict de Spinoza]@TWC D-Link book
The Ethics

PREFACE
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The knowledge of evil is an inadequate knowledge.
Proof .-- The knowledge of evil (IV.

viii.) is pain, in so far as we are conscious thereof.

Now pain is the transition to a lesser perfection (Def.

of the Emotions, iii.) and therefore cannot be understood through man's nature (III.vi., and vii.); therefore it is a passive state (III.Def.

ii.) which (III.


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