French men of science had for many years interested themselves in the investigation of these unknown portions of the globe.

The expeditions of Laperouse (1785 to 1788) and of Dentrecasteaux (1791 to 1796) were evidence of their concern with the problems awaiting elucidation.

The professors of the Museum in Paris were eager that collections of minerals and plants should be made in the southern hemisphere.

The Institute of France was led by keen men of science, one of whom, the Comte de Fleurieu, had prepared the instructions for the two previous voyages.
They had found a warm friend to research in Louis XVI, and the fall of the monarchy did not diminish their anxiety that France should win honour from pursuing the enquiry.

They represented to Napoleon, then First Consul, the utility of undertaking another voyage, and his authorisation was secured in May.