For a recent and conservative statement as to the date of Mena, see Flinders Petrie, History of Egypt, London, 1894, chap.ii.For delineations of vases, etc., showing Grecian proportion and beauty of form under the fourth and fifth dynasties, see Prisse, vol.ii, Art Industriel.

As to the philological question, and the development of language in Egypt, with the hieroglyphic sytem of writing, see Rawlinson's Egypt, London, 1881, chap.

xii; also Lenormanr; also Max Duncker, Geschichte des Alterthums, Abbott's translation, 1877.
As to the medical papyrus of Berlin, see Brugsch, vol.i, p.

58, but especially the Papyrus Ebers.

As to the corruption of later copies of Manetho and fidelity of originals as attested by the monuments, see Brugsch, chap.iv.On the accuracy of the present Egyptian chronology as regards long periods, see ibid, vol.i, p.32.As to the pottery found deep in the Nile and the value of Horner's discovery, see Peschel, Races of Man, New York, 1876, pp.