During the last decade they have been entering more and more into direct competition with British labour in the cabinet- making, shoemaking, baking, hair-dressing, and domestic service occupations.

Lastly, they enter into direct competition of the worst form with English female labour, which is driven in these very clothing trades to accept work and wages which are even too low to tempt the Jews of Whitechapel.

The constant infiltration of cheap immigrant labour is in large measure responsible for the existence of the "sweating workshops," and the survival of low forms of industrial development which form a factor in the problem of poverty..