A very large proportion of the funds which they dispensed was given or lent in small sums in order to enable poor Jews "to set up for themselves." The effect of this was twofold.

It first assisted to draw to London numbers of continental Jews, who struggled as "greeners" under sweaters for six months, until they were qualified for assistance from the Jewish Board of Guardians.

It then enabled them to set up as small masters, and sweat other "greeners" as they themselves were sweated.

It was quite true that the object of such charity was the most useful which any society could undertake; namely, that of assisting the industrially weak to stand on their own legs.

But it was unfortunately true that this early stage of independence was built upon the miserable dependence of other workers.
6.