The severance of the real "employer" from his "hands" is thus far more complete than would appear from mere attention to the growth in the size of the average business.

Now it must not be supposed that this severance of the personal relation between employer and employed is of necessity a loss to the latter.

There is no reason to suppose that the close relation subsisting in the old days between the master and his journeymen and apprentices was as a rule idyllically beautiful.

No doubt the control of the master was often vexatious and despotic.

The tyranny of a heartless employer under the old system was probably much more injurious than the apathy of the most vulgar plutocrat of to-day.