More and more they need the humanity of the responsible employer to protect them against the rigours of the labour-market.

The worst miseries of the early factory times were due directly to the break-up of the responsibility of employers.

This was slowly recognized by the people of England, and the series of Factory Acts, Employers' Liability Acts, and other measures for the protection of labour, must be regarded as a national attempt to build up a compulsory legal responsibility to be imposed upon employers in place of a natural responsibility based on moral feeling.

We draft legislation and appoint inspectors to teach employers their duty towards employes, and to ensure that they do it.
Thus in certain industries we have patched up an artificial mechanism of responsibility.
Wherever this legal responsibility is not enforced in the case of low- skilled workers, we have, or are liable to have, "sweating." Glancing superficially at the small workshop or sweating-den, it might seem that this being a mere survival of the old system, the legal enforcement of responsibility would be unnecessary.

But it is not a mere survival.