The best tobacco for kalyan-smoking is grown round Shiraz.

Some, the coarser kind, from Kazeroon and Zulfaicar, is exported to Turkey and Egypt, but the most delicate Shiraz never leaves the country.

The pipe is on the same principle as the narghileh, the smoke being drawn through a vessel of water.

The tube, a wooden stalk about two feet long, is changed when it becomes tainted with use; for the people of the East (unlike some in the West) like their tobacco clean.
Manufactories are trifling in comparison with what they were in former days.

Where, a century since, there stood five hundred factories owned by weavers, there are now only ten, for the supply of a coarse white cotton material called "kerbas," and carpets of a cheap and common kind.