It was said, in fact, that the numbers were very much increased of those that were condemned to die, by Ptolemy's standing in such urgent need of their property to meet his obligations.
Antony, through the results of this campaign, found himself suddenly raised from the position of a disgraced and homeless fugitive to that of one of the most wealthy and renowned, and, consequently, one of the most powerful personages in Rome.

The great civil war broke out about this time between Caesar and Pompey.

Antony espoused the cause of Caesar.
In the mean time, while the civil war between Caesar and Pompey was raging, Ptolemy succeeded in maintaining his seat on the throne, by the aid of the Roman soldiers whom Antony and Gabinius had left him, for about three years.

When he found himself drawing toward the close of life, the question arose to his mind to whom he should leave his kingdom.

Cleopatra was the oldest child, and she was a princess of great promise, both in respect to mental endowments and personal charms.