123.] [Footnote 4: Lee, _Slave Life in Virginia and Kentucky_, p.

x.] [Footnote 5: Simmons, _Men of Mark_, p.

368.] [Footnote 6: This is his own statement.] [Footnote 7: Parsons, _Inside View_, etc., p.

248.] The enlightenment of the Negroes, however, was not limited to what could be accomplished by individual efforts.

In many southern communities colored schools were maintained in defiance of public opinion or in violation of the law.