Eleven of the sixteen colored schools in Philadelphia in 1822 were taught by teachers of African descent.

In 1830 the system was practically in the hands of Negroes.[5] [Footnote 1: Turner, _The Negro in Pennsylvania_, p.

129.] [Footnote 2: _Ibid._, p.

130.] [Footnote 3: _Special Report of the U.S.Com.

of Ed._, 1871, p.