See likewise Lipsius de Magnitudine Romana, l.i.c.4, 5.] The navy maintained by the emperors might seem inadequate to their greatness; but it was fully sufficient for every useful purpose of government.

The ambition of the Romans was confined to the land; nor was that warlike people ever actuated by the enterprising spirit which had prompted the navigators of Tyre, of Carthage, and even of Marseilles, to enlarge the bounds of the world, and to explore the most remote coasts of the ocean.

To the Romans the ocean remained an object of terror rather than of curiosity; [66] the whole extent of the Mediterranean, after the destruction of Carthage, and the extirpation of the pirates, was included within their provinces.

The policy of the emperors was directed only to preserve the peaceful dominion of that sea, and to protect the commerce of their subjects.

With these moderate views, Augustus stationed two permanent fleets in the most convenient ports of Italy, the one at Ravenna, on the Adriatic, the other at Misenum, in the Bay of Naples.