404.)] Yet an essential difference may be found between the hordes of Scythia and the Arabian tribes; since many of the latter were collected into towns, and employed in the labors of trade and agriculture.

A part of their time and industry was still devoted to the management of their cattle: they mingled, in peace and war, with their brethren of the desert; and the Bedoweens derived from their useful intercourse some supply of their wants, and some rudiments of art and knowledge.

Among the forty-two cities of Arabia, [14] enumerated by Abulfeda, the most ancient and populous were situate in the happy Yemen: the towers of Saana, [15] and the marvellous reservoir of Merab, [16] were constructed by the kings of the Homerites; but their profane lustre was eclipsed by the prophetic glories of Medina [17] and Mecca, [18] near the Red Sea, and at the distance from each other of two hundred and seventy miles.
The last of these holy places was known to the Greeks under the name of Macoraba; and the termination of the word is expressive of its greatness, which has not, indeed, in the most flourishing period, exceeded the size and populousness of Marseilles.

Some latent motive, perhaps of superstition, must have impelled the founders, in the choice of a most unpromising situation.

They erected their habitations of mud or stone, in a plain about two miles long and one mile broad, at the foot of three barren mountains: the soil is a rock; the water even of the holy well of Zemzem is bitter or brackish; the pastures are remote from the city; and grapes are transported above seventy miles from the gardens of Tayef.