The arbitrary power of the master, which awed the slave into submission, was annihilated.

The whip which was held over the slave, and compelled a kind of subordination--brutal, indeed, but effectual--was abolished.

Here in the outset the reins were given to the long-oppressed, but now aspiring mass.

No adequate force was substituted, because it was the intent of the new system to govern by milder means.

This was well, but what were the milder means which were to take the place of brute force?
2.