84, Wisconsin Historical Society.] The general run of the upland cultivators, however, continued as always to operate on a minor scale; and the high cost of transportation caused them generally to continue producing miscellaneous goods to meet their domestic needs.

The diversified regime is pictured in Michaux's description of a North Carolina plantation in 1802: "In eight hundred acres of which it is composed, a hundred and fifty are cultivated in cotton, Indian corn, wheat and oats, and dunged annually, which is a great degree of perfection in the present state of agriculture in this part of the country.

Independent of this [the proprietor] has built in his yard several machines that the same current of water puts in motion; they consist of a corn mill, a saw mill, another to separate the cotton seeds, a tan-house, a tan-mill, a distillery to make peach brandy, and a small forge where the inhabitants of the country go to have their horses shod.

Seven or eight negro slaves are employed in the different departments, some of which are only occupied at certain periods of the year.

Their wives are employed under the direction of the mistress in manufacturing cotton and linen for the use of the family."[34] [Footnote 34: F.A.Michaux in Thwaites, ed., _Early Western Travels_, III, 292.] The speed of the change to a general slaveholding regime in the uplands may easily be exaggerated.