The losses in working and manufacturing are heavy, running as high as 40 per cent.

Many substitutes for ash, oak and hickory have been tried but they have failed to prove satisfactory.

On account of the shortage and the high prices of hickory, vehicle factories are using steel in place of hickory wherever possible.

Steel is more expensive but it can always be secured in quantity when needed.
Furthermore, it is durable and very strong.
Thus we see that our resources of useful soft woods and hard woods have both been so diminished that prompt reforestation of these species is an urgent necessity..