.

I tried in 1908 to make two main points clear.

My first point was the danger, for all human activities, but especially for the working of democracy, of the 'intellectualist' assumption, 'that every human action is the result of an intellectual process, by which a man first thinks of some end which he desires, and then calculates the means by which that end can be attained' (p.

21).

My second point was the need of substituting for that assumption a conscious and systematic effort of thought.