'Take England with many high virtues and yet a low Catholicism.

It seems to me that John Bull is a spirit neither of Heaven nor Hell.' [13] Newman, _Apologia_ (1864), pp.

91, 92.
Harnack, in the same way, when describing the causes of the expansion of Christianity, lays stress on the use of the word 'church' and the 'possibilities of personification which it offered.'[14] This use may have owed its origin to a deliberate intellectual effort of abstraction applied by some Christian philosopher to the common qualities of all Christian congregations, though it more likely resulted from a half conscious process of adaptation in the employment of a current term.

But when it was established the word owed its tremendous power over most men to the emotions automatically stimulated by the personification, and not to those which would follow on a full analysis of the meaning.

Religious history affords innumerable such instances.