The boy in Lombardy or Galicia saw the soldiers and the schoolmaster salute the Austrian flag, but the real thrill came when he heard his father or mother whisper the name of Italy or Poland.

Perhaps, as in the case of Hanover, the old associations and the new are for many years almost equally balanced.
In such times men fall back from the immediate emotional associations of the national name and search for its meaning.

They ask what _is_ the Austrian or the German Empire.

As long as there was only one Pope men handed on unexamined the old reverence from father to son.

When for forty years there had been two Popes, at Rome and at Avignon, men began to ask what constituted a Pope.