The 'Modernist' Roman Catholic who has studied the history of religion uses the term 'Catholic Church' to mean a society which has gone through various intellectual stages in the past, and which depends for its vitality upon the existence of reasonable freedom of change in the future.

He therefore calls himself a Catholic.

To the Pope and his advisers, on the other hand, the Church is an unchanging miracle based on an unchanging revelation.

Father Tyrrell, when he says that he 'believes' in the Catholic Church, though he obviously disbelieves in the actual occurrence of most of the facts which constitute the original revelation, seems to them to be simply a liar, who is stealing their name for his own fraudulent purposes.

They can no more understand him than can the Ultramontanes among the German Social-Democrats understand Bernstein and his Modernist allies.