In this respect it probably exercises more real influence on the social body in America than in Europe.

We must not be misled by the apparent mildness of the American legislation in all that relates to political jurisdiction.

It is to be observed, in the first place, that in the United States the tribunal which passes sentence is composed of the same elements, and subject to the same influences, as the body which impeaches the offender, and that this uniformity gives an almost irresistible impulse to the vindictive passions of parties.

If political judges in the United States cannot inflict such heavy penalties as those of Europe, there is the less chance of their acquitting a prisoner; and the conviction, if it is less formidable, is more certain.

The principal object of the political tribunals of Europe is to punish the offender; the purpose of those in America is to deprive him of his authority.