The former were absorbed by the subject-races; the latter, on the contrary, slew or drove off or assimilated the original inhabitants.

Unlike all the other Germanic swarms, the English took neither creed nor custom, neither law nor speech, from their beaten foes.

At the time when the dynasty of the Capets had become firmly established at Paris, France was merely part of a country where Latinized Gauls and Basques were ruled by Latinized Franks, Goths, Burgunds, and Normans; but the people across the Channel then showed little trace of Celtic or Romance influence.

It would be hard to say whether Vercingetorix or Caesar, Clovis or Syagrius, has the better right to stand as the prototype of a modern French general.

There is no such doubt in the other case.