Hitherto every new colony had either been subject to the parent state, or independent of it.

England, Holland, France, and Spain, when they founded colonies beyond the sea, founded them for the good of the parent state, and governed them as dependencies.

The home country might treat her colonies well or ill, she might cherish and guard them, or oppress them with harshness and severity, but she never treated them as equals.
Russia, in pushing her obscure and barbarous conquest and colonization of Siberia,--a conquest destined to be of such lasting importance in the history of Asia,--pursued precisely the same course.
In fact, this had been the only kind of colonization known to modern Europe.

In the ancient world it had also been known, and it was only through it that great empires grew.

Each Roman colony that settled in Gaul or Iberia founded a city or established a province which was tributary to Rome, instead of standing on a footing of equality in the same nation with Rome.