But the other great colonizing peoples of antiquity, the Greeks and Phoenicians, spread in an entirely different way.

Each of their colonies became absolutely independent of the country whence it sprang.

Carthage and Syracuse were as free as Tyre or Sidon, as Corinth or Athens.

Thus under the Roman method the empire grew, at the cost of the colonies losing their independence.

Under the Greek and Carthaginian method the colonies acquired the same freedom that was enjoyed by the mother cities; but there was no extension of empire, no growth of a great and enduring nationality.