There is one about whom there can be no doubt at all.

As early as 1351, amidst all his embroilments and all his reconciliations with his father-in-law, Charles the Bad, King of Navarre, had concluded with Edward III.

a secret treaty, whereby, in exchange for promises he received, he recognized his title as King of France.

In 1355 his treason burst forth.

The King of Navarre, who had gone for refuge to Avignon, under the protection of Pope Clement VI., crossed France by English Aquitaine, and went and landed at Cherbourg, which he had an idea of throwing open to the King of England.