The responsibility was declared to extend to all the members of the Institute, and public opinion triumphed over the condemnation with a " quasi-indecent " joy, says the advocate Barbier.
Nor was it content with this legitimate satisfaction.

One of the courts which had until lately been most devoted to the Society of Jesus had just set an example of severity.

In 1759, the Jesuits had been driven from Portugal by the Marquis of Pombal, King Joseph I.'s all-powerful minister; their goods had been confiscated, and their principal, Malagrida, handed over to the Inquisition, had just been burned as a heretic (Sept.

20, 1761).
The Portuguese Jesuits had been feebly defended by the grandees; the clergy were hostile to them.

In France, their enemies showed themselves bolder than their defenders.