Was Independence Promised?
It has long been the fashion in certain quarters to allege, or to insinuate, that American consuls and naval officers promised the Insurgent leaders that the independence of the Philippines would be recognized by the United States.

It has been claimed by some that the cooeperation of the Insurgents in the military operations against Manila was sought for and secured.

Others say that they were at least _de facto_ allies of the United States, and that they were in the end shamelessly betrayed and wantonly attacked.
These are very serious charges.

I shall prove, chiefly by the Insurgent records, that each of them is false.

I ask the forbearance of my readers if, in the three chapters which I devote to these matters, I quote documentary evidence at length.