Judging from an unsigned draft of a letter, he must have warned the foreign consuls in Manila about the same time to gather under the protection of their flags all of their fellow-citizens who had not taken refuge on the vessels in the bay, so that when his troops entered the city no foreign lives would be taken, and no foreign property would be injured.

The earnestness with which he urged that all foreigners not Spaniards should take steps to identify themselves and their property shows that he considered the persons and property of Spanish civilians as fair booty of war." [137] There was certmnly no need of Insurgent assistance in the assault on Manila.
The reports which reached Aguinaldo that the surrender of Manila had been agreed upon in advance were correct, as is shown by the following testimony of Admiral Dewey: "_Senator Patterson_.

When did you reach an understanding with the Spanish commander upon the subject, [138]--how long before the 12th or 13th of August?
"_Admiral Dewey_.

Several days before.
"_Senator Patterson_.

To whom did you eommunieate the arrangement that you had?
"_Admiral Dewey_.