These governments were not established by the mass of the people.

The mass of the people were not consulted, but they were not in the habit of being consulted in such matters and probably saw no necessity for it in this case.

As an evidence of this we have the fact that from the beginning the acts of election were almost always drawn up in Spanish, although by far the greater portion of the people of the archipelago spoke only the native dialects.
The method of establishing these municipal governments employed in Cavite in June, 1898, was continued to the end of Aguinaldo's rule.

It was the same in different places and at different times.

Data obtained from reports and documents written in towns far removed from each other follow.