There were, however, in many cases bitter complaints of the abuses committed by the officers thus "elected." This form of government spread with the advance of Aguinaldo's arms.

Municipal elections were held in Tarlac in July, in Ilocos Norte and Tayabas in August, in Benguet and the Batanes Islands in September, 1898, in Panay in December, 1898, and in Leyte and Samar in January, 1899.
On December 27 Antonio Luna wrote that all the provinces of Luzon, Mindoro, Marinduque, Masbate, and Ticao, Romblon, part of Panay, the Batanes, and Babuyanes Islands were under the jurisdiction of the insurgent government.

[372] By October 7, 1898, 14 of the 36 provinces and districts into which Luzon had been divided by the Spanish government had civil governors.

[373] These 14 were Tagalog provinces or provinces which the Tagalogs controlled.

The other provinces were still under military rule, and, indeed, even the provinces under civilians were dominated by their military commanders.