CHAPTER IV.
Of the Officers of a Grand Lodge.
The officers of a Grand Lodge may be divided into two classes, _essential_ and _accidental_, or, as they are more usually called, _Grand_ and _Subordinate_.

The former of these classes are, as the name imports, essential to the composition of a Grand Lodge, and are to be found in every jurisdiction, having existed from the earliest times.

They are the Grand and Deputy Grand Masters, the Grand Wardens, Grand Treasurer, and Grand Secretary.

The Grand Chaplain is also enumerated among the Grand Officers, but the office is of comparatively modern date.
The subordinate officers of a Grand Lodge consist of the Deacons, Marshal, Pursuivant, or Sword-Bearer, Stewards, and others, whose titles and duties vary in different jurisdictions.

I shall devote a separate section to the consideration of the duties of each and prerogatives of these officers.
Section I.
_Of the Grand Master._ The office of Grand Master of Masons has existed from the very origin of the institution; for it has always been necessary that the fraternity should have a presiding head.