Dues or arrears are payments made to a lodge for certain rights and benefits--the exercise and enjoyment of which are guaranteed to the member, in consideration of the dues thus paid.

But as by suspension, whether definite or indefinite, he is for the time deprived of these rights and benefits, it would seem unjust to require from him a payment for that which he does not enjoy.

I hold, therefore, that suspension from the rights and benefits of Masonry, includes also a suspension from the payment of arrears.
No one can be indefinitely suspended, unless after a due form of trial, and upon the vote of at least two-thirds of the members present.
Section VI.
_Of Expulsion._[98] Expulsion is the very highest penalty that can be inflicted upon a delinquent Mason.

It deprives the party expelled of all the masonic rights and privileges that he ever enjoyed, not only as a member of the lodge from which he has been ejected, but also of all those which were inherent in him as a member of the fraternity at large.

He is at once as completely divested of his masonic character as though he had never been admitted into the institution.