inch | |-----------------------+----------+-----------------------------+----------| | Ash | 6,280 | Hickory | 7,285 | | Beech | 5,223 | Locust | 7,176 | | Birch | 5,595 | Maple | 6,355 | | Cedar (white) | 1,372 | Oak | 4,425 | | Cedar (white) | 1,519 | Oak (live) | 8,480 | | Cedar (Central Amer.) | 3,410 | Pine (white) | 2,480 | | Cherry | 2,945 | Pine (northern yellow) | 4,340 | | Chestnut | 1,536 | Pine (southernyellow) | 5,735 | | Dogwood | 6,510 | Pine (very resinous yellow) | 5,053 | | Ebony | 7,750 | Poplar | 4,418 | | Gum | 5,890 | Spruce | 3,255 | | Hemlock | 2,750 | Walnut (black) | 4,728 | | Hickory | 6,045 | Walnut (common) | 2,830 | |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | NOTE .-- Two specimens of each were tested.

All were fairly seasoned and | | without defects.

The piece sheared off was 5/8 in.

The single circular | | area of each pin was 0.322 sq.in.

| |---------------------------------------------------------------------------| TRANSVERSE OR BENDING STRENGTH: BEAMS When external forces acting in the same plane are applied at right angles to the axis of a bar so as to cause it to bend, they occasion a shortening of the longitudinal fibres on the concave side and an elongation of those on the convex side.
Within the elastic limit the relative stretching and contraction of the fibres is directly[9] proportional to their distances from a plane intermediate between them--the ~neutral plane~.
(N_{1} P in Fig.