In use for floors, some woods tend to compact and wear smooth, while others become splintery and rough.

This feature is affected to some extent by the manner in which the wood is sawed; thus edge-grain pine flooring is much better than flat-sawn for uniformity of wear.
|-------------------------------------------------------------------| | TABLE XII | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| | HARDNESS OF 32 WOODS IN GREEN CONDITION, | | AS INDICATED BY THE LOAD REQUIRED TO IMBED | | A 0.444-INCH STEEL BALL TO ONE-HALF ITS DIAMETER | | (Forest Service Cir.

213) | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| | COMMON NAME OF SPECIES | Average | End | Radial | Tangential | | | | surface | surface | surface | |------------------------+---------+---------+---------+------------| | | Pounds | Pounds | Pounds | Pounds | | | | | | | | Hardwoods | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 Osage orange | 1,971 | 1,838 | 2,312 | 1,762 | | 2 Honey locust | 1,851 | 1,862 | 1,860 | 1,832 | | 3 Swamp white oak | 1,174 | 1,205 | 1,217 | 1,099 | | 4 White oak | 1,164 | 1,183 | 1,163 | 1,147 | | 5 Post oak | 1,099 | 1,139 | 1,068 | 1,081 | | 6 Black oak | 1,069 | 1,093 | 1,083 | 1,031 | | 7 Red oak | 1,043 | 1,107 | 1,020 | 1,002 | | 8 White ash | 1,046 | 1,121 | 1,000 | 1,017 | | 9 Beech | 942 | 1,012 | 897 | 918 | | 10 Sugar maple | 937 | 992 | 918 | 901 | | 11 Rock elm | 910 | 954 | 883 | 893 | | 12 Hackberry | 799 | 829 | 795 | 773 | | 13 Slippery elm | 788 | 919 | 757 | 687 | | 14 Yellow birch | 778 | 827 | 768 | 739 | | 15 Tupelo | 738 | 814 | 666 | 733 | | 16 Red maple | 671 | 766 | 621 | 626 | | 17 Sycamore | 608 | 664 | 560 | 599 | | 18 Black ash | 551 | 565 | 542 | 546 | | 19 White elm | 496 | 536 | 456 | 497 | | 20 Basswood | 239 | 273 | 226 | 217 | | | | | | | | Conifers | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 Longleaf pine | 532 | 574 | 502 | 521 | | 2 Douglas fir | 410 | 415 | 399 | 416 | | 3 Bald cypress | 390 | 460 | 355 | 354 | | 4 Hemlock | 384 | 463 | 354 | 334 | | 5 Tamarack | 384 | 401 | 380 | 370 | | 6 Red pine | 347 | 355 | 345 | 340 | | 7 White fir | 346 | 381 | 322 | 334 | | 8 Western yellow pine | 328 | 334 | 307 | 342 | | 9 Lodgepole pine | 318 | 316 | 318 | 319 | | 10 White pine | 299 | 304 | 294 | 299 | | 11 Engelmann pine | 266 | 272 | 253 | 274 | | 12 Alpine fir | 241 | 284 | 203 | 235 | |-------------------------------------------------------------------| | NOTE .-- Black locust and hickory are not included in this table, | | but their position would be near the head of the list.

| |-------------------------------------------------------------------| Tests for either form of hardness are of comparative value only.
Tests for indentation are commonly made by penetrations of the material with a steel punch or ball.[16] Tests for abrasion are made by wearing down wood with sandpaper or by means of a sand blast.
[Footnote 16: See articles by Gabriel Janka listed in bibliography, pages 151-152.] CLEAVABILITY _Cleavability_ is the term used to denote the facility with which wood is split.

A splitting stress is one in which the forces act normally like a wedge.