The "Exarch of Ravenna" existed so "short a space," Rev.17:10, that it has no place in the general enumeration of the heads of this power.
From these considerations, it is evident that the head which received the mortal wound, was none other than the papal head.

This conclusion cannot be shaken.

We have now only to inquire when the papal head was wounded to death.

It could not certainly be till after its full development; but after this, the prophecy marked out for it an uninterrupted rule of 1260 years from its establishment in 538, till the revolution of 1798.

Then the papacy was, for the time being, overthrown.
General Berthier, by order of the French Directory, moved against the dominions of the pope in January, 1798.