His vigorous thought is put into vigorous language and then vigorously spoken.

He commits his grand sermons to memory, and then looks his audience in the eyes, and sends his strong voice to the furthest gallery.

Last year after I had thanked him for his powerful "Address on Preaching" to a thousand ministers in London, he wrote to me: "It was an effort; for I could not trust myself to do without a manuscript, and I am so unaccustomed to reading what I have to say that it was like dancing a hornpipe in fetters," Yet manuscripts are not always fetters; for Dr.Chalmers read every line of his sermons with thrilling and tremendous effect.

So did Dr.Charles Wadsworth in Philadelphia, and so did Phillips Brooks in Boston.

In my own experience I have as often found spiritual results from the discourses partly or mainly written out as from those spoken extemporaneously.