The mud bricks with which these refuges were constructed showed that the material had been carried over from the distant Nile.

Once, upon the top of a little knoll, they saw the shattered plinth of a pillar of red Assouan granite, with the wide-winged symbol of the Egyptian god across it, and the cartouche of the second Rameses beneath.

After three thousand years one cannot get away from the ineffaceable footprints of the warrior-king.

It is surely the most wonderful survival of history that one should still be able to gaze upon him, high-nosed and masterful, as he lies with his powerful arms crossed upon his chest, majestic even in decay, in the Gizeh Museum.

To the captives, the cartouche was a message of hope, as a sign that they were not outside the sphere of Egypt.