The slaves are not to be of the same race as the masters.

As regards punishment, there is a great complication, owing to the author's theory that wickedness is not properly voluntary.

Much of the harm done by persons to others is unintentional or involuntary, and is to be made good by reparation.
For the loss of balance or self-control, making the essence of injustice, there must be a penal and educational discipline, suited to cure the moral distemper; not for the sake of the past, which cannot be recalled, but of the future.

Under cover of this theory, the punishments are abundantly severe; and the crimes include Heresy, for which there is a gradation of penalties terminating in death.
We may now summarize the Ethics of Plato, under the general scheme as follows:-- I .-- The Ethical Standard, or criterion of moral Right and Wrong.

This we have seen is, ultimately, the Science of Good and Evil, as determined by a Scientific or Wise man; the Idea of the Good, which only a philosopher can ascend to.