The opposites or extremes of courage include (1) Deficiency of fear; (2) Excess of fear, cowardice; (3) Deficiency of daring, another formula for cowardice; (4) Excess of daring, Rashness.

Between these, Courage is the mean (VII.).
Aristotle enumerates five analogous forms of quasi-courage, approaching more or less to genuine courage.

(1) The first, most like to the true, is political courage, which is moved to encounter danger by the Punishments and the Honours of society.

The desire of honour rises to virtue, and is a noble spring of action.

(2) A second kind is the effect of Experience, which dispels seeming terrors, and gives skill to meet real danger.