The theory called, Utility, and Utilitarianism, supposes that the well-being or happiness of mankind is the sole end, and ultimate standard of morality.

The agent takes account both of his own happiness and of the happiness of others, subordinating, on proper occasions, the first to the second.

This theory is definite in its opposition to all the others, but admits of considerable latitude of view within itself.

Stoicism and Epicureanism, are both included in its compass.
The two last-named theories--Self-Interest, and Utility or the Common Well-Being, have exclusive regard to the consequences of actions; the others assign to consequences a subordinate position.

The terms External and Dependent are also used to express the reference to Happiness as the end: Internal and Independent are the contrasting epithets.
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