For remedying the deficiency, and for bringing to light matters necessary to the completeness of an Ethical survey, we add the following heads:-- III.

The Theory of what constitutes the Supreme END of Life, the BONUM or the SUMMUM BONUM.

The question as to the highest End has divided the Ethical Schools, both ancient and modern.

It was the point at issue between the Stoics and the Epicureans.

That Happiness is not the highest end has been averred, in modern times, by Butler and others: the opposite position is held by the supporters of Utility.