But the vanquished population was deprived of the means for revolt.

The Israelites were forbidden the use of arms, and no itinerant smith was permitted to enter their territory.
The Hebrew who wished to sharpen his ploughshare or axe was forced to go to a Philistine city.
The condition of Israel became intolerable.

There was but one remedy: the people needed a leader who should organise them into an army and a nation, and lead them forth against their foes.

Saul was elected king, and the choice was soon justified by the results.

The Philistines were driven out of the country, and Saul set up his court in the very spot where a Philistine garrison had stood.
But the Philistines were not yet subdued.