Egypt was threatened by formidable enemies.

The Libyans advanced against it by land, the nations of the Greek seas attacked it by water.

Achaeans came from the north, Lycians from Asia Minor, Sardinians and Sicilians from the islands of the west.

The Delta was overrun by swarms of barbarians, who pitched their tents in front of Belbeis at the western end of the land of Goshen.

Plague after plague descended upon the Egyptians, and the freedom of his serfs was wrung from the Pharaoh.