Several times the canoes and their loads had to be lugged past these falls by an overland portage.

Mosquitoes tortured the whole party almost past bearance.

The leaders of the expedition and their Indian hunter had to be busily engaged (the Indian women also) in hunting and fishing in order to get food for the support of the party, who seemed to have had little reserve provisions with them.

Pemmican was made of fish dried in the sun and rubbed to powder.

Swans, geese, cranes, and ducks fell to the guns; an occasional beaver was also added to the pot.