In winter they usually become white all over, with or without a black tip to the tail; but it is recorded by some travellers that not all the foxes of the _Canis lagopus_ species turn white; some keep their dark-grey colour all the year round.

The common fox (_C.

vulpes fulvus_) in Northern Canada is sometimes black, with white-tipped hairs.

Wolves in these far northern regions do not seem to have been so abundant as farther south.
The deer tribe are represented (north of the Athabaska region) by the reindeer and the elk (called by the Canadians "Moose").

The wapiti or red deer (for which the common Amerindian name in the north was _Waskesiu_) seldom ranged farther north than the vicinity of Lake Winnipeg.