But it should also be noted that during the last hundred years the peoples belonging to the N[-u]tka-Columbian group have developed a trade language which they use in common.

This is a mixture of Chin[-u]k, English, French, Chinese, and Hawaaian.] All these tribes, of course, varied very much in personal appearance, though not in disposition.

The vanished Beothiks of Newfoundland are described as having been a good-looking tall people, with large black eyes and a skin so light, when washed free from dirt or paint, that the Portuguese compared them to gipsies; and the writer of Fabian's _Chronicle_, who saw two of them (brought back by Cabot) at Henry VII's Court, in 1499, took them for Englishmen when they were dressed in English clothes.

It was these people--subsequently killed out by the British settlers on Newfoundland--who originated the term "Red Indians", or, in French, _Peaux Rouges_, because their skins, like those of so many other Amerindians, were painted with red ochre.
Many of the British Columbian peoples made themselves artificially ugly by flattening the sides of the head.

To press the skull whilst it was soft, they squeezed the heads of their children between boards; others, such as the warlike tribes of the upper Missouri, had a passion for submitting themselves to mutilation by the medicine man of the clan, in order to please the sun god.